It permits the maintenance of optimum concentrations of KThe gradients of ions on biological membranes are maintained by molecular pumps, which normally operate on the energy liberated during the splitting of adenosine triphosphate (ATP); thus, ion pumps simultaneously perform the function of enzymes, known as ATPases, that split ATP. Transport may be passive (facilitated diffusion; down the electrochemical gradient), or active (against the electrochemical gradient). The most important one is the tonoplast separating the cell vacuole from the cytoplasm.Within tissues the continuous cell walls of adjacent cells form an apoplastic pathway for ion transport. Movement of salts and other electrolytes in the form of ions from place to place within living systems.

Xylem and phloem serve as pathways for long-distance transport. Ion transport may occur by any of several different mechanisms: electrochemical diffusion, active-transport requiring energy, or bulk flow as in the flow of blood in the circulatory system of animals or the transpiration stream in the xylem tissue of plants. The main difference between ion channel and transporter is that the movement of ions occurs through a concentration or electrochemical gradient in ion channels whereas the movement of ions occurs agains… The binding of NaTransport processes are involved in uptake and release of inorganic ions by plants and in distribution of ions within plants, and thus determine ionic relations of plants. The transport may be passive, that is, a result of the permeability of the membrane, or active, a result of the work of molecular pumps in the membranes of cells and subcellular particles.

In biology, an ion transporter (or ion pump) is a transmembrane protein that moves ions across a biological membrane against their concentration gradient through active transport.

The long-distance transport pathways of the phloem are the sieve tubes, pipe systems with porous structures in the cross-walls (sieve plates) but, in contrast to vessels of the xylem, having living cytoplasm. This potential energy is then used by secondary transporters, including ion carriers and ion channels, to drive vital cellular proce…
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The enzyme which is the basis of the pump is known to be bound to the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane through phosphatides and to function only when so bound. The movement or transfer of ions; specifically the active or passive exchange of inorganic ions across a cell membrane or other biological membrane.
53.1.1 Basic Concepts in Ion Transport Ion transporters are integral membrane proteins that control cellular uptake and efflux of inorganic ions. The pipe system of the xylem in its mature transporting state is composed of rows of dead cells (tracheids, tracheary elements) whose cross-walls are perforated or removed entirely. In a simplifying way the xylem can be considered as pathway for long-distance transport of ions from root to shoot, and the phloem for metabolite transport from photosynthesizing source leaves to various sinks in the plant.

Roots take up ions from the soil and must supply other plant organs. For this reason, the study of the influence of various substances on ion transport is necessary for the development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment and for the creation of new medicinal preparations.All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. .

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